Sociological Perspectives On Psychology And Psychology

Psychology is the study of human behavior. It is the scientific study of one’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior. (Ciccarelli White, 2015) There are seven perspectives that psychology is fit into known as The Theoretical Perspectives. These perspectives include the psychoanalytical approach, the behavioral approach, the humanistic approach, the cognitive approach, the sociocultural approach, the psychological or neuropsychological approach, and finally the evolutionary approach.(Ciccarelli White, 2015) Our focus for this paper is going to be on three of these perspectives. The first one will be the sociocultural approach, the second will be the humanistic approach, and the last will be the behavioral approach.(Ciccarelli White, 2015)†¦show more content†¦(Ciccarelli White, 2015) Not only do environment and what is important differ but so do the treatment and status of its people. Everything a person does is influenced in one way or another by their surroundings and what they know to be normal. (Ciccarelli White, 2015) The raising of a child for example in some cultures is placed on the whole family or tribe instead of just the immediate family. The birth of a child or the caring of an elder is a social situation that is handled a variety of different ways depending on what is perceived as normal. Crime is another social situation that is handled independently within the respective culture. Another example of a social situation that is particular to what each culture believes is the handling of the dead. Some cultures believe in reincarnation, some believe in evil spirits, and others believe that once the body dies the spirit stays watching over those they are leaving behind. (Ciccarelli White, 2015) Each culture s response to these situations are unique to them. Most cultures do not understand how others work. They do not understand the ceremonies, the religion, the social order, and the running of the tribe or government people. As a gener alized people we are quick to judge but do not exude the patience needed to understand. This cross-cultural research in delving into what makes cultures separate especially in social settings is important work that may lead to educating the generalShow MoreRelatedSociological Perspective On Psychology : Psychodynamic Psychology1067 Words   |  5 PagesSummarize Major Historical Perspective in Psychology Essay Psychodynamic Perspective- There is four major perspectives in psychology: Psychodynamic, Behaviorism, Humanistic, and Cognitive. Each theory represents a psychology approach to unlock the human mind. A psychology approach is known as a perspective; today there are many different approaches in psychology that contain specified beliefs about the mind and Human Behavior. Individually each perspective is different they have their strong pointsRead MoreSociological Perspectives Of Abnormal Psychology2700 Words   |  11 Pages Abnormal Psychology Historical Perspectives of abnormal Psychology Introduction Abnormal psychology is the area of psychology that studies unusual patterns of behaviours people who are abnormal or atypical compared to the members of a given society. Its applications clinically mainly centralise on definitions, classification, explanations and provision of clinically logical treatment for the different illnesses that categorise within the abnormal behaviour groups (Damour and Hansell 2008). ThoughRead MoreThe Argument of Sociology is Based on Relationships Essay694 Words   |  3 Pagesunderstand that a Sociological argument must address a relationship between two or more variables in its claim, i.e. â€Å"does birth order affect social attitudes?† (Krippner, 2009). The next step in a Sociological argument is to establish a mechanism. This is incorporating the â€Å"how† and â€Å"why† aspects into the variable. (Krippner, 2009) In the Toulmin’s argument model, this step would be considered the grounds of the argument. When creating a n argument from a sociological perspective we must also rememberRead MoreTheoretical Frameworks Of Sociology And Sociological Perspective Essay918 Words   |  4 Pageshow they study it. In this essay, I will be discussing theoretical frameworks of sociology; what is sociological perspective, how sociology differs from other disciplines such as history, anthropology or psychology, and how are sociological paradigms are used as ‘tools of the sociologist’ in their analyses of human societies. Firstly, what is sociological perspective? The sociological perspective is the point of view on human behaviour and how society influences people, and vice versa. TypicallyRead MoreSociological Aspects Of Social Psychology901 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Psychology According to Gordon Allport , â€Å"social psychology is an attempt to understand and explain how the thought, feeling, and behavior of individuals is influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others.† (Allport, 1954) There are two differing branches when referring to social psychology: 1. The sociological aspect of social psychology, which was mainly developed in Europe as a subdivision of sociology. 2. The psychological aspect of social psychology, which was developedRead MoreSociological And Common Sense Understanding1341 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to Sociology Throughout this essay, I will explain the distinction between sociological and common sense understanding, highlight the differences between sociology and other social sciences, and evaluate two sociological perspectives – Marxism and feminism. Sociology is the scientific study of human society. It examines the development of social structures, and the interaction between these structures and human behaviour. Sociologists aim to provide tools of understanding the processRead MoreSociological Theory Of Labelization967 Words   |  4 PagesMaya Angelou once said, â€Å"people often put labels on people so they don’t have to deal with the physical fact of those people.† Angelou was addressing the actuality that labels are placed on individuals daily; these labels have an effect on self-perspective. The labeling theory was built on deviant behaviors; consequently, certain individuals are labeled for their behavior. The labeling theory occurs in everyday life through the act of labelization. This topic can be defined when labels are placedRead MoreSociology and Psychology 823 Words   |  4 PagesSociology and psychology is the study of the mind and the environment around us which makes us who we are. These theor ies assist us to understand behaviour from individual and societal levels. Sociology is a study of society social life, social change, and social causes and consequences of human behaviour and allows us to gain an understanding of the structure and dynamics of today’s society, looking at the interlinking links patterns of human behaviour. Sociology looks at the in which social structureRead MorePsychology : Theory Of Psychology1637 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction to Psychology Module 1. Explain how a person committed to each of the following contemporary perspectives would explain human aggression. a. Psychodynamic: A person committed to psychodynamics would see that human functions are based on the interaction of drives and forces within the unconscious mind of a person. This influences different structures of the personality of the person as well. In addition, a person that is committed to psychodynamics would believe that the fundamentalRead MoreArranged Marriage And Other Types Of Marriage1635 Words   |  7 Pageson the type of arranged marriage (Psychology Wiki). Arranged marriage is a sensitive topic as it involves the values, beliefs and core characteristics of many people. There are multiple views on arranged marriage, both positive and negative. In the west, most individuals have negative opinions on arranged marriage. Arranged marriage can be researched and analyzed from an anthropological, psychological and sociological perspective. Through the three perspectives, many distinctive differences and similarities

Should Abortion Be Legal - 934 Words

Throughout history, the right to live life has been one that has been fought for with courage and passion. Slavery, the right to vote, and even marriage laws have been changed so everyone can have the chance to live an equal life. However, there is one law that still prohibits some from having that equal chance: abortion. According to laws.com, â€Å"abortion in the United States was made legal by action of the Supreme Court, although there are some distinctions that vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. The most common distinction is ‘life after viability’ where states have tried to legislate the latest point in a pregnancy that a woman may receive an abortion, if there is a chance that the fetus will be born healthy† (laws.com). Even though the life after viability distinction is a step in the right direction, it does not change the fact that a woman can choose to terminate her pregnancy. Those who attempt to curtail the act of abortion by saying that a woma n should have rights to do as she pleases with her body forget that the rights of another human being to live are being took away. This is only one of the several reasons why abortion should be made illegal in the United States. Although some may argue it is a woman’s right to abort her child, they must consider that the child has the right to live a long and prosperous life. Those who consider their selves pro-abortion, better known as â€Å"pro-choice† give numerous reasons as to why they believe that abortion should stayShow MoreRelatedAbortion Should Not Be Legal1647 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most highly debated topics is abortion and whether or not it should be legal. People who oppose abortion, meaning they are pro-life claim that abortion should be completely illegal with no aspects of it whatsoever; it can be a murder for the people standing against it. The other side of the argument, meaning people who are pro-choice, defend it by believing it to be a right been given to the women. They also claim even if abortion was to be illegal, it would still be practiced. EveryRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal920 Words   |  4 Pagesworld has struggled with for ages and one thing that people are advocating around the world for is abortion. Abortion is either a procedure or pill that stops a fetus s heart. Abortion should not be legal because life beings at creation, abortions are a direct violation of the 14th amendment, and thousands of people would love to adopt a child: handicapped or otherwise. Abortion should not be legal because life begins at creation. What is creation? Some people say conception, but it actually isRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1320 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion, as you all may know, is a really popular topic. There have long been many debates between the two groups, pro-life and pro-choice. People who are pro-life believe that part of the government’s job is to protect all forms of human life. Those who are pro-choice believe that every individual should have control over their own reproductive systems. Pro-life supporters strongly believe that even an undeveloped fetus has life; it is still growing and it needs to be protected. And this soundsRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1217 Words   |  5 PagesNovember 2015 Should Abortion be Legal Among all the issues that have been fought for or against in the United States, abortion may be one of the most popular issues that Americans are passionate about. Abortion is defined as the removal of the embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy. Thousands of abortions take place every single day, and yet public opinion remains at a standstill as to whether or not abortion is ethical. Everyone holds different opinions on abortion. The proponentsRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pages Abortions have been performed on women for thousands of years. Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy. Most often it is performed during the first 20 weeks of being pregnant. The controversy over whether or not abortion should be legal continues to divide Americans till this day. An important landmark case was the Roe v. Wade case, where the Court argued that the zone of privacy was broad enough to encompass a woman s decision whether or not to terminateRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal? Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesWhen the word abortion is heard, it is always associated with many negative things such as murder and inhumanity. However not legalizing abortion creates a huge problem for women around the world. Having a child takes consideration, planning and preparation and if pregnancy happens without any of this, why bother to have it at all? The reasons why abortion should be legal is that it supports the fundamental human rights for women by giving them a choice, it reduces crime by reducing the number ofRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1135 Words   |  5 PagesKelsi Hodgkin Composition 1 Professor Chipps 19 October 2015 Should Abortion Be Legal A common debate in the world today involves abortion, the deliberate end of human pregnancy, and whether or not it should be legalized. â€Å"Every year in the world there are an estimated 40-50 million abortions. This corresponds to approximately 125,000 abortions per day† (â€Å"Abortions Worldwide this Year†). On one side of the argument, people are not disturbed by this grotesque number, and on theRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?963 Words   |  4 PagesLegal or Illegal? Which would you prefer? Not many are willing to discuss such a gut wrenching topic, but this needs to be addressed. It is a very controversial topic with having to do with women rights and activists. Since there are two sides to every argument, there is one side such as to make abortion legal and the opposing side to keep abortions illegal. In my opinion making abortion illegal can regulate the amount of women who do get pregnant. I believe that making abortions legal will let womenRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?867 Words   |  4 PagesABORTION Abortion is a deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. There are series of legal, moral and ethical issues which may arise about abortion. Most arguments about abortion are often focused on political insinuations and the legal aspect of such actions. Some frequently asked questions’ regarding the issue is if the practice should be outlawed and regarded as murder or should women have the right to practice it. For example, prior toRead MoreShould Abortions Be Legal?939 Words   |  4 PagesShould abortions be legal? Abortions have been a big issue since the Roe v Wade case. There have been a lot of disagreements between the Pro-life supporters and the pro-choice supporters. Pro-life supporters feel like abortions deter murder, while pro-choice supporters believe that the women should be able to make their own decisions. I am a part of the pro-life supporters because I feel like abortions are wrong for several of reasons. Why should women get an abortion if there are other choices for

Activity Based Systems free essay sample

When we think of a Just In Time scenario, we usually relate it to some sense of urgency like being on time for a wedding ceremony, accessing front-row viewing to a much-awaited concert or arriving at the bus stop in time for that critical ride to work. This is also applicable in the business scene, with a systematic approach to doing it. Just in Time Manufacturing is a philosophy that focuses on timing, efficiency and quality in making commitments (Louderback III Holmen, 2003). Companies that have adopted it consider the importance of cost reduction in all aspects of their business. Emphases are placed on reduction of production inventory, time and space. Customer satisfaction, quality and teamwork fuel the inspiration to find ways to improve  the system until at least JIT can be nearly totally achieved. Even those that employ full JIT in their process can attest that they are still striving to achieve continuous innovation. We will write a custom essay sample on Activity Based Systems or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There is always room for improvement, even for the advanced tools or marketable quality products that successful businesses offer.   Most articles would often connote JIT as zero inventory production which is a very ideal concept; however, said ideal has already worked wonders in the business world. Example could be hailed from companies that allow delivery trucks to enter the factory and drop the needed materials to workstations, while the same trucks  also carry finished products out for delivery to clients in order to eliminate inventory storage in the factory. This saves on space, which may  be used for income-generating activities as per management discretion. This also cuts on cycle time, and enables the company to use time saved for other productive pursuits. The concept of JIT is first discussed in the 1930s by the author Henry Ford, but was only perfected by the Japanese in the 1950s in their automobile industry (Carter Usry, 2002). From then on, it was experimented upon and induced at some point  in the system of some large businesses around the world. It is regarded as a pull system which means that finished goods are only manufactured when necessary, and the stream goes way back to the materials and accessories purchased only when needed for production. Bottlenecks have no room in this setup as total quality control is implemented throughout the process. This means that when a work team finds a defect in a certain stage in production, they notify the others to halt and deal with  the  problem right away before continuing with the process.  Traffic  within some stage in production due to undetected problems that cause disruption, is not  tolerated.   A case study highlighting Toyotas success story can be set as example. Taiichi Ohno, [said to be the father of JIT], and Toyota/Thinking Production Systems creator, clearly defined the working formula that made Just-In-Time  a popular sensation. Their Georgetown Plant in Kentucky employed JIT, focusing on their most valuable assets: multi-skilled workers. The managers injected JIT to develop the human function of critical thinking for decision-making while gaining wisdom in the process. Toyota considers its business and people as interrelated. The corporation believes that everything in the production process can be achieved when employees are developed to think of it as their business to produce high quality products. Teruyuki Minoura, Toyota’s Managing Director of global purchasing at that time said, â€Å"Perhaps the greatest strength of Toyota Production System is the way it develops people†. Quality Control throughout the process is therefore observed since team members know that they are responsible and involved as producers, assemblers, designers and inspectors in coming up with a product that meet standards and satisfy customers. Due to computer-aided designs, employees are able to modify or improve on the cars designs visually through a monitor. They are able to picture the outcome of their designs before its brought to actual production. The use of CAD is also a tool  used by  design engineers in General Motors, another car manufacturer. Although JIT implementation is still a new approach to doing business, some companies are already trying to embrace the concept and adopting it in some parts of their system. It may still seem unachievable especially for start up or growing businesses but when considering the success stories of those that employed it, such as Toyota, it may be a great strategy towards improving their business structure and become successful as well. The ABC Approach for Activity-Based Management Another concept under Activity-Based  Systems is Activity-Based Costing. Businesses employ it chiefly for planning and decision-making purposes in different areas such as whether to drop or retain a line or segment that is  profitable or  unprofitable  given the result using ABC. Surprisingly, a survey reveals that it is being used more by the service and retail-based industries than manufacturing industries  [as is the norm] (Carter Usry, 2002). Reasons vary depending on the concerns of businesses. However, the main goals are the reduction of costs, proper cost allocation, especially of indirect costs, and increased profitability. Activity cost pools usually are calculated for estimating what portion of the efforts of each cost center, team or employee is devoted to each significant activity (Louderback III Holmen, 2003). Four levels of activities are classified to identify the appropriate variable costs that match each level along the line. Unit-Level activities relate directly to units so that assembly and materials are examples of costs that relate to it. Batch-Level activities, on the other hand, are applicable to homogenous units produced by set. Direct labor Hours or Packaging can be appropriate costs allocable to this level. Advertising and Research and Development are examples of costs that are directly-related to Product Level activities, since the concern is not on the units produced or service rendered but on the value of the product or service. Plant-Level costs cover the entire factory or office where business is done so that rent of the factory and taxes are some examples of related costs. In Walmarts diverse retail line, to cite,  cost objects can be  their products divided into apparel, household appliances furniture, and groceries, or  their system of selling in-store or online.  They can use ABC to determine which product is most profitable or which system is more effective in reaching out to customers. Same goes through with 7/11s  kiosks that are open 24 hours in various locations.  They can determine which geographic locations earning more for the business, and what strategies are cost-efficient that can benefit the business. ABC is a very useful approach for businesses that offer a variety of services or products such as those mentioned above, or those that have only one product but with variations to the product. By mastering the ABC Approach, management can make better decisions. This is where Activity-Based Management was coined. It describes management decisions that use activity-based costing information to satisfy customers and improve profitability (Horngren, Datar Foster, 2003). It helps management know the next step upon discovering that Product A is more profitable than B, or that the Special Events Division in a 3-star hotel can be dropped or merged with the Maintenance Division since the latter department’s role extends to serving on such occasions anyway. By learning the process, management can see through portions that can help them become more effective in implementing rules for the business to become successful. Business is all about continuous learning, improvement and adaptation. With the right strategy, tools or philosophy towards achieving goals, a business can thrive in the corporate jungle. Besides, it’s what business is all about. References Carter, W. K., Usry, M. F. (2002). Cost Accounting: Just In Time Backflushing, and Activity Accounting: Activity-Based Costing and Activity-Based Management. Australia:Dame Publishing. Datar, S. M., Foster, G., Horngren, C. T. (2002). Cost Accounting – A Managerial Emphasis: Activity-Based Costing Activity-Based Management. Singapore: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd. Holmen, J. S., Louderback III, J. G. (2003). Managerial Accounting: Just-In-Time Manufacturing, and Activity-Based Costing Management. Singapore: South-Western. Public Affairs Division Report, Toyota Motor Corporation (October 8, 2003). The Toyota Production System. Retrieved January 31, 2008, from http://www.toyotageorgetown.com/tps.asp.

Romeo And Juliet, Lovers For All Time 2 Essays -

Romeo And Juliet, Lovers For All Time 2 Romeo and Juliet, Lovers for All Times For: English 442 Purdue University ?1998 Chrisitan L Mattix -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ever since the publications of the good quarto, published in 1599, Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, has been one of the classics of Western literature (Evans 1093). In being this, it has been produced many different times, in many different ways. I will be discussing how the production of this great play has changed over time. First, though, I will supply a little background for the play. The stories of two star-crossed lovers and forbidden passion are not new to literature. There were many works before Romeo and Juliet from which Shakespeare borrowed. Some of these include Mosuccio of Salerno in his 1476 work, Il Novellin o, Luigi da Proto with his Istoria . . .di due nobili Amanti, in about 1530, and Arthur Brookes three thousand line poem titled The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet, published in 1562 (Evans 1055). All of these had the same themes as Romeo and Juliet. This borrowing of ideas and loose use of the text continued in the manner in which the play has been produced. In 1745 and 1750 David Garrick direct several productions of Romeo and Juliet (Branam 170). In these productions he made several changed to both the way the characters are presented and to the play itself. In a 1748 text, Garrick wrote a note To the Reader: The alterations in the following play are few and trifling, except in the last act; the design was to clear the Original, as much as possible from the Jingle and the Quibble, which were always thought the great objections to reviving it (qtd. In Branam 173). Garrick uses several means to remove the Jingle and Quibble from the play (Branam 173). Where he thought the rhyme and wordplay to be excessive he would compact it. For example the long drawn out exchange between Samson and Gregory in the first scene is compressed to four lines: Sam. Gregory, I strike quickly, being mov'd. Gred. But thou are not quickly mov'd to strike. Sam. A dog of the house of Montague moves. Greg. Draw thy tool then, for here come of that house. (qtd. In Branam 173) Garrick also took liberty with Romeo's lyrical nature. He shortened many of Romeo's lines in order to dull it somewhat. For example, Garrick shortens: Why such is love's transgression. Griefs of mine own lie heavy in my breast; Which thou wilt propagate, to have it prest With more of thine: this love that thou hast shown Doth add more grief to too much of mine own. From act one, scene one, to: Which thou wilt propagate with more of thine; This love, that thou hast shewn in my concern, Doth add more grief to too much of mine own. in his 1748 text (Branam 173-174). In reading the play the rhyme is missed, but in watching a performance the mood is more set by the interaction of the two lovers, then the actual words. Another change that Garrick made, albeit reluctantly and under pressure, was the complete removal of Rosaline from the play. In 1784 he explains: Many people have imagin'd that the sudden change of Romeo's Love from Rosaline to Juliet was a blemish in his Character, but alteration of that kind was thought too bold to be attempted; Shakespear [sic.] has dwelt particularly upon it, and so great a judge of human nature, knew that to be young and inconstant was extremely natural (qtd. In Branam 177). Garrick's largest, and most prominent, change was in modifying the tomb scene. Here Garrick borrows from Thomas Otwayis History and Fall of Caius Marius, published in 1679 and based on Romeo and Juliet (Branam 174). In Shakespeare's original work the act of the poison on Romeo is almost instantaneous, but in Garricks new rendition the poison acts slowly. This gives new light to both Romeo and Juliet's characters. Garrick designed the scene to be more tragic then the original play. In this rendition, Romeo sees Juliet and she speaks to him: I now remember well Each circumstance Oh my lord, my Romeo! Had'st thou not come, sure I slept for ever: But there's a sovereign charm in thy embraces That can revive the dead Oh honest Friar!